Abstract :

Rescue Operations In Deep And Narrow Borewells Present Severe Challenges Due To Restricted Access, Poor Visibility, And The Inability Of Humans To Intervene Directly. This Work Introduces A Compact And Remotely Operated Borewell Rescue Robot (BRR) Developed Using An ESP32-CAM Microcontroller Unit (MCU) To Enable Safe And Efficient Victim Retrieval. The System Integrates Real-time Visual Monitoring And Precise Actuation Through A Wireless Control Interface. A 32-bit Embedded Processor Equipped With Pseudo-Static Random Access Memory (PSRAM) Supports Continuous Video Graphics Array (VGA) Resolution Streaming, Which Is Transmitted Using WebSocket-based Communication To Ensure Minimal Latency And Stable Feedback. The Robotic Mechanism Employs Dual High-torque Servo Motors Responsible For Gripping And Positioning Tasks, Enabling Controlled Manipulation Within Confined Vertical Spaces. Illumination In Low-light Environments Is Achieved Using A Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controlled Light Emitting Diode (LED) Module, Enhancing Visibility For Accurate Operation. The Software Architecture Is Implemented Using An Asynchronous, Event-driven Model Through The ESPAsyncWebServer Library, Allowing Concurrent Handling Of Video Transmission And Control Commands Without Blocking Execution. Additionally, A Fail-safe Mechanism Is Incorporated To Automatically Reset Actuators And Deactivate Critical Components In Case Of Communication Loss, Ensuring Operational Safety. The System Operates Through A Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Access Point (AP), Eliminating Dependency On External Network Infrastructure And Enabling Deployment In Remote Locations. This Design Demonstrates A Reliable, Scalable, And Cost-effective Robotic Solution For Emergency Rescue Scenarios, Improving Response Efficiency In Hazardous Underground Environments. Key Words: Borewell Rescue Robot (BRR), ESP32-CAM MCU, Real-Time Video Streaming, Emergency Robotics, WebSocket Communication.

Published:

21-4-1-2026

Issue:

Vol. 26 No. 4-1 (2026)

Page Nos:

650-659

Section:

Articles

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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