Abstract :

IoT Expansion Is Changing Smart Cities With Increased Connectivity And Automation. This Increase In IoT Devices Poses A Challenge To Energy Consumption, Limited Device Lifespan, And Network Sustainability. Excessive Use Of Power Translates To Increased Costs, Thereby Restricting The Adoption Of Large-scale IoT. Energy-efficient Protocols May Come Into Play To Diminish Power Consumption While Ensuring A Reliable Network. These Include Adaptive Power Control, Duty Cycle, And Hybrid Energy Harvesting (combining Solar And Wind Energy) For Energy-neutral Operation Purposes. In This Case, Protocols Such As HENO-MAC And RPL Come Into Action To Control Energy Consumption Efficiency-wise. Emerging Standards Such As Thread 1.4, Equally, Cater To Energy Conservation And Security. This Paper Gives An Overview Of The Major Protocols Such As MQTT, CoAP, And AI-based Energy Management Systems, With Emphasis On Smart City Implementations In Barcelona And Singapore That Act As Exemplars For Sustainable Integration Of IoT Into The Urban Environment. Keywords: Internet Of Things (IoT), Smart Cities, Connectivity , Energy Consumption, Energy-efficient Protocols

Published:

21-6-2025

Issue:

Vol. 25 No. 6 (2025)

Page Nos:

624-629

Section:

Articles

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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